Introduction: The study was designed to investigate back pain among working women in one of the largest Research and Development Organization in India and identify occupational factors associated with lower back pain by means of a survey of female employees. Methods: This study investigated the relative risk of whether different age groups, job types, body mass index (BMI), years or service, screen viewing distance, self perception of comfort level and duration of use of computer have a bearing on the occurrence of back pain and if such risk factors aggravate cases of back pain. Results: In the unadjusted table, there was a statistically significant chance of developing backpain as the age increases (odds ratio) OR 1.56, 95% (confidence interval) CI (1.030 - 2.372), however, after adjusting for the other co-variates, this chance was not of significance. Job types, body mass index (BMI) >30 (OR >1 (0.802-1.877), years of service and screen distance OR >1 (0.96-1.745) all showed a positive association with back pain though the p values were not of statistically significance. In the adjusted table, for those who use the computer daily at the workplace for more than 6 hours, there was a statistically significant association for this group of developing back pain as compared to the first group i.e. those who work for 0-2 hours, as shown by OR 1.79, (1.123 - 2.864). Conclusion: The present study indicated that backpain is present in as much as about 25.3% of the study population. For those who use the computer >6 hours daily, there was a statistically significant chance of developing backpain.

OBJECTIVE: People generally use lime and lemon when weight reduction is anticipated. This work was carried out to determine the effect of these fruits in hypercholesterolaemic induced rats. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Sixteen (16) albino rats were used and grouped into four groups of four (4) each. The rats were allowed to acclimatize and fed with egg yolk for seven days to induce hypercholesterolaemic state. Water, lemon, lime and lime+lemon were administered to these groups respectively. Cholesterol level was analyzed in all the groups after two (2) weeks of the administration of the fruits. RESULTS: The result showed a statistical decrease in the groups treated with lime, lemon and lime+lemon. The lime+lemon group showed a more significant decrease (p0.05) in both cholesterol level and body weight when compared with the control group and other groups. This reduction may be as a result of the contents of the fruits. CONCLUSION: It can therefore be concluded that lime and lemon helps in the lowering of blood cholesterol level and body weight.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of performing vaginal hysterectomy for non-prolapsed uteri as primary route METHODS: 100 patients planned for hysterectomy for a wide range of indications like large uterus, cervix flushed with vagina, previous pelvic surgery were chosen for vaginal hysterectomy. Prerequisite were uterine size not more than 16 weeks, adequate vaginal access and good uterine mobility. Patients with utero-vaginal prolapse, complex adnexal mass and suspected malignancy were excluded. RESULTS: Majority were aged 35 – 45 years (77%) with 8 nullipara and 21 primipara. Commonest indication was fibroid (54%) and largest uterine size was 16 weeks. There were 79 patients with history of different pelvic surgeries. Different morcellation techniques were used in more than 10 weeks sized uteri. Adnexal surgeries were performed in 12 cases without difficulty. In uncomplicated cases average blood loss was 200 ml and operating time was 50 minutes. Most of the patients were discharged by 5th post operative day. Two patients were converted to abdominal route due to bladder injury and slippage of upper pedicle respectively. CONCLUSION: Experience and training can lead gynecologist to consider the vaginal approach as the standard route for hysterectomy.

Background: The ILMA has been established as a valuable airway management device in the supine position, in both elective and emergency situations, for both ventilation and intubation. Intubation in lateral position might be necessary in some congenital syndromes, morbid obesity, or after accidental extubation in laterally positioned patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate the ILMA for intubation of patients in the lateral position and compare it with intubation in the supine position. Aims: To determine and compare the success rate, time taken, and complications of intubation with the ILMA in the lateral versus supine position. Settings and Design: Prospective, clinical investigation, in a tertiary level, multispecialty hospital. Methods and Material: Seventy ASA I-II patients scheduled for elective surgeries were randomly allocated into two groups of 35 patients each. The groups F1 and F2 consisted of patients who were intubated with the ILMA in the supine and lateral positions, respectively. The comparison of the two positions was based on: success of intubation, success at first attempt, number of attempts, intubation time, and incidences of oesophageal intubation, oxygen desaturation, mucosal injury and postoperative sore throat. Statistical Analysis used: The data was analysed, and for comparison of mean between two groups, unpaired student “t”-test was applied. ?2-test or Fischer exact test were applied for categorical variables like number of attempts, incidence of mucosal injury etc. Results: The intubation success rate was 100% in both positions. The success rate of intubation in the first attempt was 97.1% in supine, and 94.3% in the lateral position, and was comparable. The average intubation time was significantly more in the lateral, as compared to the supine position (45.82 versus 38.51 seconds). The incidence of intra, and post-operative complications was low in both the positions. Conclusion: These results suggest that the ILMA is a useful device for tracheal intubation in the lateral position. The difference in intubation time, though significantly more (statistically) in the lateral as compared to the supine position, had little clinical relevance.